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What is I-O?

Industrial-organizational (I-O) psychology is the scientific study of the workplace. Rigor and methods of psychology are applied to issues of critical relevance to business, including talent management, coaching, assessment, selection, training, organizational development, performance, and work-life balance.

Most Published Authors in Journal of Applied Psychology and Personnel Psychology During the 1990s

Deniz S. Ones
University of Minnesota

Chockalingam Viswesvaran
Florida International University

As the 1990s have come to a close, it is perhaps a good time to take stock of accomplishments. Our interest was in identifying the most published authors of the decade in the field of I-O psychology. Who are the individuals highest in terms of their research productivity? We focused on the number of publications in two main journals of our field: Journal of Applied Psychology (JAP) and Personnel Psychology (PP). Some researchers (e.g., Howard, Maxwell, Berra, & Sternitzke, 1985; Levine, 1990) have argued that the number of publications in JAP provides a useful index of individual research productivity. Given that Personnel Psychology is another prominent I-O psychology journal, with impact ratings (i.e., citation records) and article acceptance rates on par with JAP, we decided to use number of publications in PP along with number of publications in JAP as our index of individual research productivity. Levine (1990) summarized individual research productivity for 1980s, based on number of publications in JAP. By focusing our analyses on JAP and PP, we hope to have some continuity with his work.

We constructed a database of individuals who have published an article in either JAP or PP during the 1990s. We recorded a frequency count of the number of articles each author published during the decade. When there were multiple authors of an article, we gave a score to each co-author. That is, individuals received a score for both single authored and co-authored articles. Although this might overestimate the contributions of some individuals and underestimate the contributions for others, this scoring scheme should serve as a rough index of individual productivity in the field. Further, this scoring algorithm is identical to that used by Levine (1990) to assess individual research productivity (also published in TIP).When doing the frequency count, we did not distinguish between regular articles, research reports, or monographs.

Overall, there were 1,690 authors who published in JAP and PP during the 1990s. The mean number of publications per author was 1.72 (SD = 1.74). However, the frequency of publications was extremely skewed in that a few researchers published a great many articles, while many authors published a single article. We were able to identify 523 (30.9%) of the authors as female and 1,037 (61.4%) of the authors as male. For 130 authors (7.7%), no gender information was available. On average, women published 1.44 (SD = 1.18) papers, whereas men published 1.93 (SD = 2.01) papers. The standardized mean difference in number of papers published by men and women was .28, favoring men. Note that the variability in number of papers produced by women was 58.44% of the variability of papers produced by men. That is, although on average men published more in these journals, men were much more variable than women in the number of articles they published. The substantial lower variability of the female distribution also means that few females make it to the most-published-authors echelon in I-O psychology. Table 1 provides the frequency distribution of publications.

Table 1

Distributions of Author Productivity in Journal of Applied Psychology and Personnel Psychology during 1990s.

All authors (N = 1,690)			Women (N = 523)		Men (N = 1,037)
Total # of Pubs per Author	Frequency	%	Womens Frequency	% of Women	Mens Frequency	% of Men
1	1,182	69.9	400	76.5	668	64.4
2	263	15.6	76	14.5	175	16.9
3	96	5.7	23	4.4	71	6.8
4	52	3.1	11	2.1	40	3.9
5	31	1.8	4	.8	27	2.6
6	24	1.4	4	.8	19	1.8
7	11	.7	2	.4	9	.9
8	13	.8	2	.4	11	1.1
9	2	.1	--	--	2	.2
10	6	.4	--	--	6	.6
11	1	.1	--	--	1	.1
12	1	.1	--	--	1	.1
13	2	.1	--	--	2	.2
15	1	.1	--	--	1	.1
16	2	.1	1	.2	1	.1
18	1	.1	--	--	1	.1
19	1	.1	--	--	1	.1
20	1	.1	--	--	1	.1

Note: For 130 authors, no gender information could be obtained. For all authors who published 4 or more papers, gender information was available.

Almost 70% (n = 1,182) of the authors published only one article. Another 15.6% (n = 263) authored two articles in the decade of the 1990s. Less than 5% of authors published more than five articles. For women, only 1.8% (n = 9) authored more than five articles. The corresponding number for men was 5.5% (n = 56). There was only 1 woman and 9 men who published more than 10 articles in JAP and/or PP (an average of one article per year!).

Table 2 lists the individuals who have published five or more articles in JAP and PP during the 1990s.

Table 2

Most Published Authors in Journal of Applied Psychology and Personnel Psychology during the 1990s: The Top 100^a

Absolute Rank	Category Rank	Author Name	Current Affiliation	Total # of Pubs.
1	1	Judge, Timothy A. (1990)	University of Iowa	20
2	2	Sackett, Paul (1979)	University of Minnesota	19
3	3	Schmitt, Neal (1972)	Michigan State University	18
4.5	4	Ryan, Ann Marie (1987)	Michigan State University	16
4.5	4	Schmidt, Frank L. (1970)	University of Iowa	16
7	5	Barrick, Murray R. (1988)	Michigan State University	13
7	5	Campion, Michael A. (1982)	Purdue University	13
7	5	Mount, Michael K. (1977)	University of Iowa	13
9	6	Salas, Eduardo (1984)	University of Central Florida	12
10	7	Bretz, Jr., Robert D. (1988)	University of Notre Dame	11
13.5	8	Hollenbeck, John R. (1984)	Michigan State University	10
13.5	8	Hunter, John E. (1964)	Michigan State University	10
13.5	8	Mathieu, John E. (1985)	University of Connecticut	10
13.5	8	Motowidlo, Stephan (1976)	University of Florida	10
13.5	8	Murphy, Kevin R. (1979)	Colorado State University	10
13.5	8	Schmit, Mark J. (1994)	Personnel Decisions International	10
17.5	9	Chan, David (1998)	National University of Singapore	9
17.5	9	Maurer, Todd (1990)	Georgia Institute of Technology	9
25	10	Arvey, Richard D. (1971)	University of Minnesota	8
25	10	Barling, Julian (1979)	Queens University	8
25	10	Burke, Michael J. (1982)	Tulane University	8
25	10	Drasgow, Fritz (1978)	University of Illinois	8
25	10	Eden, Dov (1970)	Tel-Aviv University	8
25	10	Ganster, Daniel C. (1978)	University of Arkansas	8
25	10	George, Jennifer M. (1987)	Rice University	8
25	10	Harrison, David A (1988)	University of Texas-Arlington	8
25	10	Ilgen, Daniel R. (1969)	Michigan State University	8
25	10	Ones, Deniz S. (1993)	University of Minnesota	8
25	10	Quinones, Miguel A. (1993)	Rice University	8
25	10	Raju, Nambury S. (1974)	Illinois Institute of Technology	8
25	10	Viswesvaran, Chockalingam (1993)	Florida International University	8
37	11	Bobko, Philip (1976)	Gettysburg College	7
37	11	Borman, Walter C. (1972)	University of South Florida	7
37	11	Klaas, Brian S. (1987)	University of South Carolina	7
37	11	Locke, Edwin A. (1964)	University of Maryland	7
37	11	Meyer, John P. (1978)	University of Western Ontario	7
37	11	Ployhart, Robert E. (1999)	University of Maryland	7
37	11	Pulakos, Elaine (1984)	Personnel Decisions International	7
37	11	Russell, Craig (1982)	University of Oklahoma	7
37	11	Schaubroeck, John (1988)	Drexel University	7
37	11	Schneider, Benjamin (1967)	University of Maryland	7
37	11	Shore, Lynn McFarlane (1985)	Georgia State University	7
54.5	12	Arthur, Winfred Jr. (1988)	Texas A & M University	6
54.5	12	Avolio, Bruce J. (1981)	Binghamton University	6
54.5	12	Campbell, John P. (1964)	University of Minnesota	6
54.5	12	Cutler, Brian L. (1987)	Florida International University	6
54.5	12	Driskell, James E. (NA)	Florida Maxima Corporation	6
54.5	12	Ford, J. Kevin (1983)	Michigan State University	6
54.5	12	Gilliland, Stephen W. (1992)	University of Arizona	6
54.5	12	Hattrup, Keith (1992)	San Diego State University	6
54.5	12	Hom, Peter W. (1979)	Arizona State University	6
54.5	12	Kelloway, E. Kevin (NA)	University of Guelph	6
54.5	12	Law, Kenneth (1990)	Hong Kong Univ. of Science & Technology	6
54.5	12	Lindsay, R. C. L. (NA)	Queens University	6
54.5	12	Martocchio, Joseph J. (1989)	University of Illinois	6
54.5	12	Mellor, Stephen (1985)	University of Connecticut	6
54.5	12	Ostroff, Cheri (1987)	Arizona State University	6
54.5	12	Phillips, Jean (1997)	Rutgers University	6
54.5	12	Podsakoff, Philip M. (1980)	Indiana University	6
54.5	12	Roth, Philip L. (1988)	Clemson University	6
54.5	12	Rynes, Sara (1981)	University of Iowa	6
54.5	12	Smither, James W. (1985)	LaSalle University	6
54.5	12	Stevens, Cynthia K. (1990)	University of Maryland	6
54.5	12	Teachout, Mark S. (1990)	USAA	6
54.5	12	Wells, Gary L. (1977)	Iowa State University	6
54.5	12	Yammarino, Francis J. (1983)	State University of New York-Binghamton	6
82	13	Alexander, Ralph A. (NA)	--	5
82	13	Barber, Alison E. (1990)	Michigan State University	5
82	13	Bauer, Talya N. (1994)	Portland State University	5
82	13	Beehr, Terry A. (1974)	Central Michigan University	5
82	13	Boudreau, John W. (1981)	Cornell University	5
82	13	Cable, Daniel M. (1995)	University of North Carolina	5
82	13	Campion, James E. (1968)	University of Houston	5
82	13	Colella, Adrienne(1989)	Texas A & M University	5
82	13	Cortina, Jose M. (1994)	George Mason University	5
82	13	DeNisi, Angelo S. (1977)	Texas A & M University	5
82	13	DeShon, Richard P. (1993)	Michigan State University	5
82	13	Doverspike, Dennis (1983)	University of Akron	5
82	13	Edwards, Jeffrey R. (1987)	University of North Carolina	5
82	13	Gerhart, Barry (1985)	Vanderbilt University	5
82	13	Griffeth, Rodger W. (1981)	Georgia State University	5
82	13	Heilman, Madeline E. (1972)	Columbia University	5
82	13	Highhouse, Scott (1992)	Bowling Green State University	5
82	13	Hoffman, Calvin C. (1984)	South California Gas Company	5
82	13	Jacobs, Rick (1978)	SHL Landy, Jacobs Inc. /Penn State Univ.	5
82	13	Landis, Ronald S. (1995)	Tulane University	5
82	13	Landy, Frank J. (1969)	SHL Landy, Jacobs Inc.	5
82	13	Latham, Gary (1973)	University of Toronto	5
82	13	MacKenzie, Scott B. (NA)	Indiana University Bloomington	5
82	13	Mael, Fred A. (1988)	US Army Research Institute	5
82	13	Ree, Malcolm James (NA)	Our Lady of the Lake University	5
82	13	Reilly, Richard R. (1969)	Stevens Institute of Technology	5
82	13	Sego, Douglas J. (1994)	Hong Kong Univ. of Science & Technology	5
82	13	Stewart, Greg L. (1993)	Brigham Young University	5
82	13	Stone-Romero, Eugene F. (1974)	University of Central Florida	5
82	13	Thornton, George C., III (1966)	Colorado State University	5
82	13	Yukl, Gary (1967)	State University of New York- Albany	5

Note: Time period covered is January 1990_December 1999. The PhD year for each author appears in parentheses following their name. NA = PhD year not listed in the SIOP directory.
^a There are 97 authors on the list presented rather than 100 because of ties at the next rank. The top 97 authors have published five or more papers in JAP and PP during the 1990s.

Of the 1,690 authors publishing in the two journals during the 1990s, the top 97 are listed in the table. (Because of ties at the next rank, we could not list the most published 100 individuals). It may be worthwhile to keep in mind that some of the authors listed in Table 2 obtained their PhD's during the 1990s and hence did not have all 10 years to publish. For comparative purposes, the year each author obtained their PhD is listed in parentheses, following their name. Listing the PhD year for authors is also useful in identifying the researchers who are still active even though they have been in the field for multiple decades.

By each author's name, we also listed his/her current affiliation. The institutional affiliations in Table 2 may provide a rough indication of where the research-productivity-based human capital in I-O psychology currently is. Affiliation information was obtained from the 1999 SIOP Annual Membership Directory. When an author proved not to be a present member of SIOP, we attempted to use other directories to find this information. In the case of a few authors, because no affiliation could be ascertained using membership directories, we listed the affiliation indicated on that author's latest JAP or PP publication.

Table 3 provides a summary of the most published women of the decade.

Table 3

Most Published Women Authors in Journal of Applied Psychology and Personnel Psychology during the 1990's.

Absolute Rank	Category Rank	Author Name	Current Affiliation	Total # of Pubs.
1	1	Ryan, Ann Marie (1987)	Michigan State University	16
2.5	2	George, Jennifer M. (1987)	Rice University	8
2.5	2	Ones, Deniz S. (1993)	University of Minnesota	8
4.5	3	Pulakos, Elaine (1984)	Personnel Decisions Research Institute	7
4.5	3	Shore, Lynn McFarlane (1985)	Georgia State University	7
7.5	4	Ostroff, Cheri (1987)	Arizona State University	6
7.5	4	Phillips, Jean (1997)	Rutgers University	6
7.5	4	Rynes, Sara (1981)	University of Iowa	6
7.5	4	Stevens, Cynthia K. (1990)	University of Maryland	6
11.5	5	Barber, Alison E. (1990)	Michigan State University	5
11.5	5	Bauer, Talya N. (1994)	Portland State University	5
11.5	5	Colella, Adrienne (1989)	Texas A & M University	5
11.5	5	Heilman, Madeline E. (1972)	Columbia University	5
19	6	Atwater, Leanne (1985)	Arizona State University	4
19	6	Ellingson, Jill E. (1999)	Ohio State University	4
19	6	ForsterLee, Lynne (NA)	Charles Stuart University	4
19	6	Gist, Marilyn E. (1985)	University of Washington	4
19	6	Hedlund, Jennifer (NA)	Yale University	4
19	6	Hough, Leaetta M. (1981)	The Dunnette Group Ltd.	4
19	6	Kossek, Ellen Ernst (1987)	Michigan State University	4
19	6	Rentsch, Joan (1988)	University of Tennessee	4
19	6	Rothstein, Hannah (1980)	Baruch College-CUNY	4
19	6	Wanberg, Connie R. (1992)	University of Minnesota	4
19	6	Wayne, Sandy J. (1987)	University of Illinois	4

Note: Time period covered is January 1990_December 1999. PhD years are in parentheses.

Because of the small mean and large variability differences between men and women, there were only 13 women out of the total list of 97 most published authors in Table 2. Table 3 includes all female authors who published 4 or more articles.

A decade may be too short of a period when analyzing journal publications, so we investigated the top 10 individuals who were the most prolific of both the 1980s and the 1990s. We obtained the list of the most published authors of the 1980s in JAP from Levine (1990). We compiled the list of the most published authors in PP during the 1980s from PsychInfo and from the tables of contents of PP. We cross-tabulated these data with our list for the 1990s. The list of the top 10 most published authors of the past 20 years is presented in Table 4.

Table 4

Top 10 Most Published Authors in JAP and PP during the 1980s and 1990s combined.

Author Name	Current Affiliation	Total # of Pubs. During 80's	Total # of Pubs. During 90's	Grand Total for 80s + 90s
Schmidt, Frank L.	University of Iowa	28	16	44
Hunter, John E.	Michigan State University	28	10	38
Sackett, Paul	University of Minnesota	16	19	35
Schmitt, Neal	Michigan State University	13	18	31
Murphy, Kevin R.	Colorado State University	17	10	27
Campion, Michael A.	Purdue University	8	13	21
Judge, Timothy A.	University of Iowa	0	20	20
Alexander, Ralph A.	---	14	5	19
Arvey, Richard D.	University of Minnesota	11	8	19
Latham, Gary	University of Toronto	14	5	19

Note: Numbers of papers published in JAP during the 1980s were obtained from Levine (1990). Numbers of papers published in PP during the 1980s were obtained from PsychINFO. Numbers of papers published in JAP and PP during the 1990s are from this study.

We salute these researchers for their publication accomplishments. However, it was disheartening for us to observe that of the top 10 researchers for the past 2 decades none is female (the top 20 included only one female, Ann Marie Ryan, with 18 publications). It was also sobering that across 20 years, only seven individuals were able to publish an average of one article a year in JAP and/or PP.

Tacking stock of individual research accomplishments is informative, but all such attempts are bound to be deficient in some way. For example, we considered productivity in the two journals where the proportion of SIOP member authors has traditionally been the largest. There are several other excellent journals that publish some work relevant to I-O psychology (e.g., Academy of Management Journal, Academy of Management Review, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes). There are also the super-journals that once in a while publish outstanding I-O psychology work (e.g., American Psychologist, Psychological Bulletin). In another vein, although productivity and quality are positively correlated (Viswesvaran, 1993), we did not study quality or other indices such as impact ratings for the authors contributing to the I-O psychology literature during the past decade. Nevertheless, we hope that the data we presented are informative to the readers of TIP. We wish fellow I-O psychologists all the best in the coming first decade of the new millennium.

References

Howard, G. S., Maxwell, S. E., Berra, S. M., Sternitzke, M. E. (1985). Institutional research productivity in industrial/organizational psychology, Journal of Applied Psychology, 70, 233_236.

Levine, E. (1990, May). Institutional and individual research productivity in I-O psychology during the 1980s, The Industrial-Organizational Psychologist, 27_30.

Viswesvaran, C. (1993). Is there a general factor in job performance? Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.

Author Notes

Order of authorship is arbitrary, both authors contributed equally. Correspondence should be addressed to Deniz S. Ones, Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, 75 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0344; e-mail: Deniz.S.Ones-1@tc.umn.edu

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What is I-O?

Most Published Authors in Journal of Applied Psychology and Personnel Psychology During the 1990s

%

Absolute Rank

Category Rank

Author Name

Current Affiliation

Category Rank

Author Name