Levels By Career Stage
The hierarchical levels within a worker’s career stage typically are:
- Individual Contributor: an entry level employee who does not directly supervise others
- Expert Individual Contributor: a non-management track worker who is considered an expert in one’s field of work but does supervise other individuals
- Manager: a first-line manager who is responsible for the supervision of other professionals or individual contributors
- Manager of Managers: second- and third-line managers who oversee multiple managers or departments
- Executive: a leader of the organization)
Titles Within I-O Career Paths
Please note that this list is intended to provide a sample of the job titles, it is not comprehensive.
Job Titles in Academia
- Individual Contributor: Assistant Professor, Associate Professor
- Expert Individual Contributor: Full Professor
- Manager: Department Chair
- Manager of Managers: Dean
- Executive: Vice President, Provost, President
Job Titles in Government
- Individual Contributor: Analyst, Associate, Consultant
- Expert Individual Contributor: Expert
- Manager: Case Team Leader, Manager, Senior Associate Consultant, Project Leader
- Manager of Managers: Senior Manager
- Executive: Executive, Senior Executive, Partner, Director
Job Titles in Industry
- Individual Contributor: HR Research Specialist, Project Assistant, Associate Consultant, Consultant
- Expert Individual Contributor: Chief Scientist, Principal Research Scientist, Principal Consultant, Managing Research Scientist
- Manager: Director of HR Operations, Manager, Team Leader, Program Leader
- Manager of Managers: Area Director of HR, Senior Team Leader, Principal Consultant, Program Director
- Executive: Vice President of HR, Chief HR Officer, Global HR Officer, Director, Executive Consultant, Senior Vice President
Job Titles in Consulting
- Individual Contributor: Project Assistant, Associate Consultant, Professional, Lead Professional, Consulting Associate
- Expert Individual Contributor: Senior Consultant, Senior Professional
- Manager: Manager, Team Leader, Program Manager, Director
- Manager of Managers: Area Director of HR, Senior Team Leader, Principal Consultant, Program Director
- Executive: Director, Officer, Executive Consultant, Vice President, Sr. Vice President, CEO